Performance of Counterfort Walls with Reinforced Granular and Fly Ash Backfills: Experimental Investigation     

Sutapa Hazra  Nihar  Ranjan Patra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(3):259-267

Experimental investigations on model counterfort retaining walls have been carried out to study the lateral movement of the walls and the nature of the failure modes. Mild steel plates of size 1,000 × 900 × 8 mm were used as model retaining walls and were placed in a tank of size 900 × 900 × 670 mm. Ennore sand, obtained from Madras India, and Fly ash, obtained from Panki Thermal Power Plant, India were used as backfill material. Tests were carried out both with and without reinforced backfill. Two types of loading conditions were applied: (i) line load and (ii) uniform surcharge. The shape and size of the failure wedge was studied by observing displacement of bands of colored through a Perspex plate fixed on one side of the tank. Plots of overturning moment against the rotation of a wall top show that with the increase in rotation of wall, the overturning moment decreases. The minimum value of overturning moment is taken as the limiting value. The failure surfaces obtained in different cases are linear and parabolic in shape.  相似文献   

Formation and kinetics of porous cordierite from fly ash     

Xuebin Zhang  Zuosheng Wu  Guangyao Meng  Xingqin Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(4):395-400

Porous cordierite ceramics were prepared from a mixture of coal fly ash and basic magnesium carbonate at 1100-1350℃. Porosity, flexural strength and thermal expansion coefficient of the samples sintered at 1300℃ were estimated to be 26%, 65 MPa and 4.21×10^-6/℃, respectively. The kinetics of the formation progress was investigated by stepwise isothermal dilatometry （SID） accompanied with XRD, SEM and porosity measurement. It was found that the isothermal shrinkage data from SID could be well analyzed to get kinetic parameters according to the erapirical rate equation developed by Makipirtti-Meng, dY/dt=nk（T）Y（1-Y）（Y/1-Y）^（1/n）,where Y is the fractional shrinkage during the sintering process and n is a dimensionless component. The apparent activation energy △E values for 900-1000℃ and 1050-1 150℃ were 1294 and 1778 kJ/mol, respectively.  相似文献   

过铝质岩浆-热液演化体系中磷的地球化学行为   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

唐勇  张辉  刘丛强  饶冰 《岩石矿物学杂志》2008,27(2):127-134

泥质岩部分熔融产生的过铝质岩浆中的P2O5含量受控于源区磷灰石含量、部分熔融程度和岩浆中磷灰石的溶解度.过铝质岩浆中的Ca、REE以及Y的活度低,阻碍了磷灰石、独居石以及磷钇矿等的结晶,碱性长石成为过铝质岩浆中P的主要寄主矿物,直到岩浆演化晚期,Li的活度增大,P才与Li形成磷铝锂石-羟磷铝锂石.进入以晶体、熔体和流体相共存为特征的岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系后,P的地球化学行为主要受流体/熔体相分配的制约,P优先进入到熔体相, 不太可能形成富P的流体.在热液阶段,长石晶体在Al-Si有序化过程中释放的结构P与流体介质所携带的Ca离子形成次生磷灰石.在热液蚀变过程中所形成的富P流体,很可能是某些Sn、W、Mn和U热液矿床的主要载体.  相似文献   

饲料中钙、磷和水体盐度对南美白对虾幼虾生长的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄凯  王武  卢洁  邹光茂 《海洋科学》2004,28(2):21-26

用不同钙、磷含量的配合饲料在不同的盐度水体中对南美白对虾幼虾 (Penaeus vannamei)进行饲养试验.试验采取 L9(3 4),磷添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;钙添加量设 3个水平 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%;水体盐度设 3个水平 4, 17, 30.结果显示,各因素对南美白对虾体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率的影响大小为盐度 >磷 >钙,对蛋白质效率的影响大小为盐度 >钙 >磷.盐度 4时,不添加钙的组体质量日增率、饲料系数、成活率和蛋白质效率最差;盐度 17时,饲料中磷的添加非常重要.南美白对虾幼虾最适的生长因素是盐度为 17,钙添加量为 1.5%,磷添加量为 1.5%  相似文献   

过硫酸盐氧化法测定海水中溶解总磷   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谭加强  于志刚  林桂炽  米铁柱 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(2):256-262

实验研究在碱性和酸性条件下过二硫酸钾高温氧化四种不同类型含磷标准化合物在海水中的回收率和影响回收率的因素。结果表明 :在碱性条件下过二硫酸钾高温氧化可使海水中非聚磷类化合物完全回收 ,而聚磷类化合物回收率不高 ,延长消化时间聚磷类化合物的回收率有一定提高。除个别化合物外 ,各类含磷化合物在酸性条件下可被定量回收。依此 ,建立酸性过硫酸盐氧化法分解测定海水中溶解态总磷的方法。  相似文献   

Effects of agricultural and urban land cover on New Zealand’s estuarine water quality     

Bruce D. Dudley  Olivia R. Burge  David Plew  John Zeldis 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(3):372-392

ABSTRACT

National-scale analyses of land cover effects on water quality can aid in directing environmental policy. We compiled a coastal water quality database for New Zealand comprising 320 estuarine and coastal sites with records between 2013 and 2018. Previous literature had shown strong effects of agricultural and urban land cover on the quality of New Zealand’s rivers, so we examined their effects on estuaries, while controlling for marine dilution and freshwater flushing. Sites with greater freshwater influence had higher nutrient and faecal indicator bacteria concentrations, and turbidity, indicating that open coast and estuarine water quality is reduced predominantly via flows from the land. Nitrate, ammonium, total and dissolved reactive phosphorus, and water column chlorophyll-a concentrations were greater in estuaries with higher urban land cover and total phosphorus concentrations were greater with higher agricultural land cover. There was a marginally significant increase in turbidity as agricultural land cover increased. This is the first national-scale compilation and analysis of New Zealand coastal water quality data, and the first national analysis of land cover effects on water quality in New Zealand estuaries.  相似文献   

三亚湾沉积物中磷释放的初步研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

王汉奎  董俊德  张偲  黄良民 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(3):1-8

利用现场调查和室内模拟试验的结果,探讨了三亚湾表层沉积物中磷的形态与磷释放的关系以及环境条件变化对该湾沉积物中磷释放的影响。结果表明,三亚湾海水总磷(TP)中以总溶解磷(TDP)为主,总溶解磷约占总磷61%,其余形态磷约占总磷30.7%。初步计算了三亚湾沉积物 海水界面间DIP、TDP和TP的扩散通量分别为15.31、64.99和330.50μmol·(m2·d)-1。沉积物总磷(PT)中以无机结合态磷(PIN)为主,无机结合态磷约占沉积物总磷70.7%,其余形态磷约占沉积物总磷33.3%。沉积物中磷释放取决于磷的形态,总磷、有机结合态磷(POR)和无机结合态磷在沉积物磷的释放中所起的作用较大,其余形态的磷所起的作用较小。温度、盐度和pH的变化对沉积物中磷释放均产生一定的影响,相关分析表明,TDP和DIP这2种形态磷均具有相似的释放规律。  相似文献   

低盐度水体南美白对虾对饲料中钙、磷的需求   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄凯  王武  孔丽芳  黄华慧 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(2):209-216

低盐度水体中 ,以不同钙、磷含量的试验饲料对南美白对虾 (Penaeus vannamei)幼虾(0 .0 1 79± 0 .0 0 2 8) g进行饲养试验。结果表明 ,饲料钙磷的交互作用对南美白对虾的特定生长率、成活率及饲料系数有显著的影响 (P<0 .0 5 )。饲料中不添加钙、磷 ,南美白对虾幼虾的生长、成活率和饲料系数最差 ;饲料中钙、磷添加量分别为 0 .8%,1 .2 %时 ,南美白对虾生长最好。饲料钙、磷对南美白对虾体组织钙、磷含量存在显著的影响 (P<0 .0 5 )。特定生长率与肌肉 Ca/ P比 ,甲壳厚 /体质量比呈显著负相关关系。  相似文献   

柘林湾表层沉积物中氮和磷的时空分布   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李金  董巧香  杜虹  乔永民  张瑜斌  黄长江 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(4):63-71

于2002年7月19日至12月15日调查了柘林湾表层沉积物中2种形态氮和5种形态磷的时空分布,同时测定了含水量和有机质含量。结果表明,柘林湾表层沉积物中的含水量与有机质、凯氏氮、氨态氮、总磷、岩屑磷和有机磷含量均呈显著正相关关系。凯氏氮的平均含量为1060.3μg·g-1,氨态氮在凯氏氮中所占的比例小于4.0%。总磷的平均含量为526.0μg·g-1,自生钙结合磷含量最高,占总磷的47.5%。氮、磷的平面分布基本呈现出湾内高于湾外、养殖区高于非养殖区的总体趋势。有机质、氮、磷含量的季节变化相对显著,夏季呈上升趋势,秋季有所下降,然后处于上下波动的平衡状态。影响有机质、氮、磷含量季节变化规律的因素主要是养殖动物的种类、陆地排污、鱼虾贝类死亡产生的生物碎屑、水动力和生物扰动。  相似文献   

Nutrient Dynamics in Vegetated and Unvegetated Areas of a Southern Everglades Mangrove Creek     

S. E. Davis  III  D. L. Childers  J. W. Day  Jr  D. T. Rudnick  F. H. Sklar 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2001,52(6):753

Flow-through flumes were used to quantify net areal fluxes of nutrients in the fringe mangrove zone of lower Taylor River in the southern Everglades National Park. We also quantified net areal fluxes along the open water portion of the channel to determine the relative importance of either zone (vegetated vs. unvegetated) in the regulation of nutrient exchange in this system. Taylor River's hydrology is driven mainly by precipitation and wind, as there is little influence of tide. Therefore, quarterly samplings of the vegetated and unvegetated flumes were slated to include typical wet season and dry season periods, as well as between seasons, over a duration of two years. Concentrations of dissolved and total organic carbon (DOC and TOC) were highest during the wet season and similar to one another throughout the study, reflecting the low particulate loads in this creek. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate+nitrite+ammonium) was 10–15% of the total nitrogen (TN) content, with NO−x and NH+4 showing similar concentration ranges over the 2-year study. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was usually <0·05μM, while total phosphorus (TP) was typically an order of magnitude higher. Net areal fluxes were calculated from nutrient concentration change over the length of the flumes. Most flux occurred in the vegetated zone. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and DOC were usually taken up from the water column; however, we saw no seasonal pattern for any constituent over the course of this study. Total nutrients (TOC, TN, and TP) showed little net exchange and, like SRP, had fluxes that shifted irregularly throughout the study. Despite the lack of a clear seasonal pattern, there was a great deal of consistency between vegetated flumes, especially for NO−x and NH+4, and fluxes in the vegetated flumes were generally in the same direction (import, export, or no net flux) during a given sampling. These findings suggest that the fringe mangrove zone is of considerable importance in regulating nutrient dynamics in lower Taylor River. Furthermore, the influence of this zone may at times extend into northeast Florida Bay, as the bay is the primary recipient of water and nutrients during the wet season.  相似文献